In addressing the safety challenges of structure due to artificial freezing induced frost heave in permafrost cross passage,a similar simulation experiment was conducted to investigate the three-dimensional frost heave characteristics of frozen soil during the artificial freezing process.The follow-ing conclusions were drawn as ① Frost heave induced significant deformation in the overlying soil lay-ers at 20,40 and 60 mm depths beneath the surface,exhibiting a trend of larger deformation at the upper part of the freezing wall and smaller deformation at the boundary positions,with surface uplift following a Gaussian distribution pattern;② The deformation of the structure could be roughly cate-gorized into three stages:small deformation,large deformation,and small deformation;③ The radial expansion volume of the freezing wall was in a ratio of 15∶1 compared to the axial expansion volume,while the radial expansion thickness was in a ratio of 1.1∶1 compared to the axial expansion thickness.The research results offered preliminary insights into the three-dimensional expansion pat-terns of artificially frozen soil.
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