The increase in energy consumption has promoted the development of green energy,while promoting the rapid development of energy storage systems.Supercapacitors have been widely concerned with the advantages of high-power density and long cycle life,among which capacitive carbon materials have gradually become research hotspots.The preparation of porous carbon material for supercapacitors using biomass,which is widely sourced,renewable,inexpensive and environmentally friendly,has solved the problem of energy storage while developing green energy.The structure control and performance improvement of porous carbon materials are important ways to im-prove the performance of supercapacitors.Biomass-derived porous carbon materials and its applications in the field of supercapacitors were reviewed.The preparation methods and technical status of porous carbon materials were summarized according to the classification system of raw material sources(plants,animals and microorganisms)and material dimensions(zero,one,two and three dimensions).The prep-aration process of porous carbon was divided into carbonization and activation.The mechanism of carbonization and activation,the selec-tion of activation methods and the characteristics of common activators were briefly described.However,there are many influencing factors in the preparation process of bio-derived porous carbon materials,and the performance is still inferior compared with traditional coal-based carbon materials.It is necessary to carry out various design optimization,including selection of biomass precursors,rational use of carbonization technology,regulation of various influencing factors in the activation process and selection of doping substances in the modification process.Based on the application requirements in the field of supercapacitors,the optimization methods of biomass por-ous carbon materials were discussed,including pore structure regulation,surface element doping and the formation of new carbon materials by composite with graphene.The difficulties and key points of the application of porous carbon materials in supercapacitors were reviewed.By finding the optimal combination of porous carbon materials with high specific surface area,uniform pore distribution and high conduc-tivity,the charge storage capacity of electrode materials can be improved to overcome the problem of low energy density of supercapacitors,ensuring that the voltage resistance of supercapacitors can meet the requirements at the same time.On this basis,the research direction of improving the electrochemical performance and cycle stability of materials,ensuring the stability and consistency of raw material sources,and gradually realizing the commercialization needs of mass production were proposed.
关键词
生物质/多孔炭材料/超级电容器/优化/复合炭材料
Key words
biomass/porous carbon material/supercapacitor/optimization/composite carbon material
维普
万方数据