Biomass is the only renewable carbon resource on earth with significant advantages of wide sources and abundant reserves.Di-verse high-value fuels,chemicals,and carbon-based materials can be obtained through advanced biomass thermo-chemical conversion methods,thereby partially replacing fossil resources,which has an important strategic position and development prospects in the field of new energy.Currently,the energy utilization technologies of biomass have made significant progress in China.However,with the rapid ad-vancements of society and technology,the scope of biomass is no longer limited to traditional agricultural and forestry waste,but covers multiple organic wastes from agricultural and forestry sources,industrial sources,and domestic sources.The high selectivity and large-scale conversion of biomass is seriously hindered due to the complex component structure and differentiated thermal decomposition charac-teristics,and there are still many challenges to achieving its high-value resource utilization.The development of biomass thermo-chemical conversion was discussed.Based on the fundamental structures and thermal decomposition characteristics of multi-source biomass compo-nents,the latest research achievements and development trends of various cutting-edge resource utilization technologies,including selec-tive pyrolysis for producing high-value products,pyrolysis reforming for hydrogen production,and novel gasification,etc.,were compared and analyzed,in response to the problems of low quality and poor selectivity of thermal conversion products.To promote the further devel-opment of multi-source biomass thermo-chemical conversion technology in the carbon peaking and carbon neutrality era,the following as-pects still need to be focused on.Firstly,large-scale utilization is an inevitable trend for future development,propelled by the significant promotion of efficient catalytic techniques and reaction equipment.The directional enrichment of target products can be achieved by break-ing through the efficiency and recycling constraints of catalysts,reducing catalytic operating costs,strengthening reactor innovation,and optimizing heat transfer and anti-coking performance.Coupled with efficient strategies for raw material collection,storage,and transporta-tion,the economic feasibility of industrial large-scale biomass thermo-chemical conversion will be enhanced.Secondly,the full-compo-nent conversion is the key to achieving high-value utilization of biomass.Through in-depth investigation on the decomposition and syner-gistic conversion mechanisms of various biomass characteristic components,it is necessary to develop efficient poly-generation technologies that combine multiple pretreatments,directional thermo-chemical conversion,and precise separation and condensation of three-phase products.Biomass raw materials are transformed into bio-oil rich in high-value chemicals,high-quality combustible gas,and high-performance carbon materials,thereby achieving comprehensive poly-generation of different products and effectively improving the output ratio of resources.Finally,multi-energy complementarity represents a significant development direction for the future.By effi-ciently integrating biomass with other clean energy sources and electricity,and fully utilizing the long-term chemical energy storage char-acteristics of biomass thermal decomposition products,a flexible multi-energy complementary supply system will be established,thereby achieving the multi-dimensional development and the overall economic efficiency of the new energy industry.
multi-source biomasscarbon peaking and carbon neutralitythermo-chemical conversionpyrolysisgasification
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