Hydro-upgrading of crude algal bio-oil:Influence of external hydrogen sources
Catalytic hydrogenation is an effective way to improve the quality of crude algal bio-oil,in which hydrogen source is the key factor.The hydrogen production of five kinds of conventional metals(iron,aluminum,tin,zinc,magnesium)under supercritical water was investigated,and the hydrogen production of aluminum was the largest under the same mass.Then,using Ru/C as catalyst,the up-grading effect of four different hydrogen sources(hydrogen produced from hydrothermal gasification of microalgae hydrothermal liquefaction aqueous phase-M-HTL-H2,hydrogen produced from hydrothermal gasification of Chlorella M-SCW-H2,hydrogen produced from the re-action of Al and high temperature water-Al-H2,and laboratory elemental hydrogen-L-H2)on microalgae crude bio-oil in tetra-hydronaphthalene medium was studied at 400 ℃ and 2 h.The results show that,regardless of the hydrogen source,the upgraded bio-oil yield of the refined products is the highest,and the upgraded oil yield from L-H2 is the highest(87.6％),while the upgraded bio-oil yield from M-SCW-H2 is the lowest(70.4％).The four hydrogen sources also show different hydrogenation improvement effects on crude bio-oil,among which the deoxidation effect of Al-H2 on bio-oil is the highest(93.03％),and the calorific value of upgraded bio-oil is also the highest(43.05 MJ/kg).The nitrogen removal effect of M-SCW-H2 is the best(86.11％).The desulfuration effect of the four hy-drogen sources on bio-oil is more than 90％.The hydrogen source also has a great influence on the composition of the upgraded bio-oil.The content of aromatic hydrocarbon and unsaturated hydrocarbon in the upgraded bio-oil obtained from L-H2 is the highest.The content of saturated hydrocarbon is the highest and the content of aromatic hydrocarbon is the lowest in the upgraded bio-oil obtained from M-HTL-H2.The results show that hydrorefining of crude bio-oil with different external hydrogenation sources can obtain different bio-oil quality improvement effects,and if these different hydrogen sources are combined,a better improvement in bio-oil quality can be ob-tained.
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