Analysis of the carbon emission reduction potential of straw hydrothermal liquefaction technology in 30 provinces of China
Hydrothermal liquefaction technology,as a biomass thermo-chemical method with broad prospects for development and utiliza-tion,is still in a blank state of research on the carbon emission reduction potential of hydrothermal liquefaction technology in China.In or-der to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and energy consumption,conventional hydrothermal liquefaction technology is combined with pho-tovoltaic technology to use renewable energy electricity to replace the electricity consumption during the operation of the hydrothermal liq-uefaction system,and utilize the biochar produced to return to the soil by using soil carbon sequestration technology,achieving nega-tive carbon emissions.The greenhouse gas(GHG)emissions,energy consumption and carbon reduction potential of deploying photovoltaic(PV)hydrothermal liquefaction(HRL)plants in 30 provinces in China were studied,and a multi-region hybrid life cycle assess-ment model in China was established.The input-output life cycle was combined with the IPCC factorization approach to calculate GHG emissions and energy consumption.Firstly,the life cycle GHG emissions and energy consumption of the PV hydrothermal liquefaction plant in Henan Province as a demonstration province were assessed.The carbon dioxide emissions of the PV hydrothermal liquefaction plant are 128.76 t(CO2-eq)and the total energy consumption was 48 371.01 kg(standard coal)during its construction.The energy con-sumption and GHG emission impacts of each province and its economic sector can be obtained in an input-output economic context by using the established hybrid LCA.Henan Province has the most significant impact from a spatial perspective.Furthermore,the chemical products sector is the largest sector for implied GHG emitting and energy consuming.The carbon reduction efficacy of different proportions of biochar returned to the soil were analyzed base on scenarios.The results show that the carbon dioxide emissions will be reduced by 1 686.53 t by returning all the biochar produced by a photovoltaic hydrothermal liquefaction plant in Henan Province to the soil.Combi-ning biochar carbon sequestration technology,the impact of GHG emissions from transportation distances of 41-200 km in conjunction was analyzed.The results show that even if sufficient straw yield is collected by expanding the collection radius in straw-poor areas,the con-struction of a photovoltaic hydro-thermal liquefaction plant will reduce carbon dioxide emissions by 1 603.91 t when all the biochar pro-duced is returned to the field.Photovoltaic hydrothermal liquefaction(PVHL)technology has the potential for large-scale deployment.So assuming that straw from all provinces is maximized for use in PVHL,the carbon dioxide emissions will be reduced by 213.2 Mt/a by the production of bio-oil and bio-gas to replace the use of fossil fuels,and the production of bio-char will all be immobilized in the soil,which will result in a cumulative reduction of 114.14 Mt/a.Therefore,the deployment of PV hydrothermal liquefaction technology in 30 provinces in China could have a significant impact on achieving national GHG reduction targets.
hybrid life cycle assessmentinput-output analysisphotovoltaic hydrothermal liquefaction technicalnegative carbon emissio-nsbiochar
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