With the rapid development of global industrialization,the massive use of fossil fuels has led to a sharp increase in carbon emis-sions,causing serious environmental problems.Therefore,it has become an urgent task to find effective ways to reduce carbon diox-ide concentration to curb global warming.Currently,the main strategies to reduce CO2 include limiting the use of traditional fossil energy sources and converting excess CO2 into high value-added chemicals.Since economic development is still heavily dependent on fossil ener-gy,there are significant difficulties in simply restricting its use.Therefore,efficient conversion of CO2 into high value-added chemicals is crucial.Among the many CO2 conversion technologies(bioreduction,thermochemical hydrogenation reduction,photoelectrochemistry,and electrochemical CO2 reduction),electrochemical CO2 reduction stands out due to its high efficiency and good prospects for industrial applications.Based on this,this paper reviewed the current research status of carbon dioxide conversion technology,the principle of elec-trocatalytic reduction of carbon dioxide,main products,reaction pathways,evaluation parameters,and electrocatalysts of metal-based and non-metallic carbon-based materials,which were developing rapidly at present.The combination of metal-based and non-metal carbon-based materials can improve the catalytic activity of the catalysts and has good research prospects.The following outlooks were proposed for CO2 RR which were the development of new efficient and low-cost catalysts,and the micro-regulation of their morphology and surface active sites,the deepening of the revelation of the reaction mechanism by using in-situ characterization techniques and density-functional theo-ry calculations,the acceleration of the design and development of the assembled devices to promote the industrial application of CO2RR.
electrocatalysiscarbon dioxide reductionmetal catalystscarbon material catalysts
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