How Does Robot Affect the Skill Structure of Enterprises?An Analysis of the Bias of Robot Technology Progress
Understanding the impact of robots on the skill structure of enterprises can help to respond reasonably to the labor market impact of production automation and ensure the matching of employment supply and demand.Based on the 2021 Guangdong Province"Enterprise-Employee"matching survey data,this article explores the potential impact of robot adoption on the skill structure of enterprises.The results indicate that robots will simultaneously expand the employment of high-,medium-,and low-skilled workers,with the largest increase in medium-skilled workers,leading to a polarization of medium-skilled workers in the skill structure of enterprises.The underlying mechanisms affecting skill structure are the decline in labor's production contribution,the expansion of production,and changes in job tasks.The phenomenon of skill polarization is mainly caused by changes in job tasks.Furthermore,the skill structure effect of robots mainly exists in high-tech enterprises,and its impact on the skill structure of enterprises with different revenues and industries varies.In addition,medium-skilled workers are more likely to be responsible for professional technical positions and has a lower willingness to move,which may be an important reason for skill polarization in the introduction of robots.
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