摘要
1965年第二次印巴战争爆发后,英国威尔逊政府对南亚次大陆实行武器禁运,使印度认为英国是"不可靠的武器供应国",坚定了印度在国防领域同英国拉开距离并转向苏联的决心.从全面禁运,到选择性禁运,再至放宽军售但终止军事援助转变的武器禁运政策,也体现了英国开始跳出英帝国视角,从更为现实的国家利益角度看待英印关系,主动调适并接受英印特殊关系成为历史的客观事实,凸显英国一以贯之的现实主义外交传统.苏联强势介入与英美退出共同决定了南亚国际关系格局的特点及走向.
Abstract
After the outbreak of the Second Indo-Pakistani War in 1965,the British Wilson Government imposed an arms embargo on the Indian subcontinent.This decision caused India to view Britain as an"unreliable arms supplier",reinforcing its determination to reduce dependence on the UK in defense and pivot decisively toward the Soviet Union for military support.From a comprehensive ban to selective restrictions,followed by relaxed arms sales but terminated military aid,the evolution of Britain's arms embargo policy reflects its gradual shift away from an imperial perspective toward a more pragmatic approach prioritizing national interests in Anglo-Indian relations.This adjustment demonstrates Britain's conscious adaptation to the demise of its"special relationship"with India,underscoring the enduring tradition of realist diplomacy in British foreign policy.The assertive intervention of the Soviet Union,coupled with the withdrawal of Britain and the United States,collectively shaped the characteristics and trajectory of international relations in South Asia during this period.
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