Outdoor seating systems are ubiquitously present in various outdoor spaces,yet their design theory has not been extensively studied.This article employs a systematic approach to design theory,utilizing system theory methodology and considering"people,events,settings,and objects"as fundamental system elements.By reverting to the fundamental framework of"people,events,settings,and objects"pertaining to man-made entities,the paper analyzes the design elements of outdoor seating systems.It clarifies the components of system design elements for outdoor seating,thereby providing a clear direction for systematic design and further research in this field.
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