This study focused on the clinical efficacy and nursing care of unfractionated heparin and low-molecular-weight heparin calcium in hemodialysis anticoagulation. Methods: A total of 40 hemodialysis patients were selected from July 2020 to March 2022 in this study, and 40 hemodialysis patients were divided according to the classification of the control group and the study group. After the division, there were 20 hemodialysis patients in each group. The patients in the control group voluntarily accepted unfractionated heparin anticoagulation and received routine care at the same time. The patients in the research group voluntarily accepted low-molecular-weight heparin calcium anticoagulation and received targeted care at the same time. The indicators between the control group and the study group, the group with higher total effective rate of clinical treatment was the study group (P<0.05), and the group with more bleeding and joint pain in adverse reactions was the control group (P<0.05). After treatment, the coagulation factor in the two groups improved significantly. The study group was the study group (P<0.05). After intervention, the depression and anxiety scores in the study group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion: The application of low molecular weight heparin calcium in hemodialysis and nursing showed a strong clinical effect.