Objective To compare the effect of closed negative pressure suction technology and conventional dressing change in the treatment of orthopedic trauma and infected wounds. Methods: From September 2021 to September 2022, 66 patients with orthopaedic trauma and infection wounds treated in our hospital were selected as the subjects of this study. According to the method of digital random table, they were divided into routine group and experimental group, 33 patients in each group. The former was treated with routine dressing change, and the latter was treated with closed negative pressure suction technique and routine dressing change. The levels of inflammatory mediators and pain mediators in the two groups were compared before and after treatment; The effective rate, clinical index and complication rate of the two groups were calculated. Results: After treatment, the levels of inflammatory and pain mediators in both groups were lower than those before treatment, and those in the experimental group were lower than those in the conventional group (P<0.05); The effective rate of treatment in the experimental group was higher than that in the conventional group (P<0.05); The times of dressing change, wound healing time and hospital stay in the experimental group were lower than those in the conventional group (P<0.05); The incidence of complications in the experimental group was lower than that in the conventional group (P<0.05). Conclusion: The closed negative pressure suction technique is effective in the treatment of orthopedic trauma and infection wounds, which can reduce the release of inflammatory mediators and pain levels, shorten the wound healing time and promote early recovery.