Objective To explore the influencing factors and countermeasures of quality control in microbiology laboratory of CDC.Methods: A total of 118 microbiological test samples collected from the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (April 13, 2021 -- April 13, 2022) were selected as subjects of this study, and grouped by numerical random table method as follows: The control group (59 cases in total) took routine management, and the observation group (59 cases in total) took targeted quality control management.The incidence of quality problems and influencing factors of the two groups were observed and compared, and the improvement countermeasures were analyzed.Results: (1) The incidence of quality problems in the observation group was 5.08%, which was significantly lower than 18.84% in the control group, P < 0.05.(2) After taking targeted quality control management, the observation group significantly controlled the influencing factors compared with the control group, and was significantly superior to the control group in terms of samples, environment and instruments, with significant differences (P < 0.05).Conclusions: Quality control of microbiology laboratory of CDC is affected by many factors.Staff should pay more attention to it and adopt targeted quality control management methods to ensure the quality control effect of microbiology laboratory and provide guarantee for improving the accuracy of specimen test.