Objective To analyze the nursing methods and effects of the treatment of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia with optical fiber blue light blanket.Method: From January 2020 to December 2022, 36 newborns with hyperbilirubinemia admitted to our hospital were selected.They were randomly divided into a control group and an experimental group, with 18 cases in each group.All patients were treated with optical fiber blue light blanket.The control group was given routine care, and the test group was given high-quality care.The jaundice index and regression time, adverse reactions and nursing satisfaction were compared.Result: 1) The jaundice index of the two groups of children before intervention was similar (P>0.05); After intervention, the detection value in the experimental group was significantly lower than that in the control group, and the regression time was shorter than that in the control group (P<0.05).2) The incidence of adverse reactions in the experimental group was 11.11%, lower than the control group''s 22.22%, but the difference was not statistically significant (P>0.05).3) The nursing satisfaction of parents in the experimental group was higher than that of the control group (100.00 vs 77.78%), with a statistical difference (P<0.05).Conclusion: The treatment of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia with optical fiber blue light blanket is effective, and the implementation of high-quality nursing can further reduce the level of bilirubin in the body and reduce adverse reactions, which is worthy of promotion.