Objective To explore and analyze the effect of psychological nursing on patients receiving hemodialysis treatment. Methods A total of 96 patients who received hemodialysis treatment in our hospital from March 2020 to March 2022 were selected as research objects. According to the twocolor pellet method, they were divided into 48 patients in the control group (receiving routine nursing intervention) and 48 patients in the observation group (combined with psychological nursing intervention). Observe the nursing effect of the two groups. Results After nursing, the negative emotion score of the observation group was lower than that of the control group (P < 0.05). After nursing, the self-efficacy score of the observation group was higher than that of the control group (P < 0.05). The nursing satisfaction of the two groups was compared, the observation group was better than the control group (P < 0.05); The nursing compliance of the two groups was better than that of the control group (P < 0.05). Conclusion Psychological nursing for patients receiving hemodialysis treatment can significantly improve their mental state, eliminate their negative emotions, promote patients to better cooperate with treatment, and ensure the safety of patients. At the same time, it can significantly improve patients'' self-efficacy, strengthen patients'' confidence in treatment, so that their nursing satisfaction is significantly increased, it is necessary to vigorously promote.