Objective To explore the effect of environmental intervention in the care of premature infants in neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Methods: 80 NICU premature infants admitted to our hospital from July 2020 to March 2022 were randomly divided into two groups, and the milk intake and body mass of the two groups were compared. Results: The milk intake of preterm infants in the observation group was significantly higher than that in the control group at 1 and 2 weeks after intervention (P<0.05). The weight of premature infants in the observation group was significantly higher than that in the control group after 1 week and 2 weeks of intervention (P<0.05). The complication rate of premature infants in the observation group was lower than that in the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion: The implementation of environmental nursing intervention in NICU premature infants can effectively improve the growth and development of NICU premature infants, and increase milk intake is worthy of clinical application.