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"牙药"考

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历代方书中记载有不少"牙药"方,有的用来揩齿,有的则用来刷牙,在现代临床或生活中已鲜有耳闻.经考证认为,牙药应是指古人通过漱口、揩齿、刷牙中的一种或多种方式将药末或药液施用于牙齿,以治疗疾患的一种特殊的方剂.牙药不仅可以用来治疗牙痛、口臭、牙关紧闭等口腔问题,还可以用来乌发、益气养生,或治疗腰痛、黄疸等非口腔疾病,其应用范围较为广泛.牙药中常见的药物除人们所熟知的盐以外,还有细辛、麝香、升麻等辛味药,及既能理气又能益气的香附、既能清热止痛又能养肾阴的生地黄等等.从组方用药方面来看,牙药方具有辨证与辨病相结合、内外同治的特点,且用药简便;牙药与相关内服药用药特点相似,虽用药途径不同,但都能起到治疗疾病的作用.
Textual research on tooth medicines
Throughout the ages,there have been many"tooth medicines"recorded in a variety of prescriptions,some used for wiping teeth,and some used for brushing teeth.But they are rarely applied in modern clinic or life.According to this textual research,tooth medicines refer to a special prescription that ancient people applied medicine powder or liquid medicine to teeth by one or more ways of gargling,wiping teeth,brushing teeth to treat diseases.They can not only be used to treat oral problems such as toothache,bad breath,and tooth clenching,but also to treat non-oral diseases such as hair regrowth,benefiting qi and preserving health,or lumbago and jaundice,featuring a wide range of application.In addition to the well-known salt,there are also pungent medicines such as manchurian wildginger,musk and largetrifoliolious bugbane rhizome,as well as nutgrass galingale rhizome that can both regulate and benefit qi,and unprocessed rehmannia root that can both clear internal heat to relieve pain and nourish kidney yin,and so on.From the perspectives of prescription and medication,tooth medicines are characterized by combining syndrome differentiation with disease differentiation,treating both internal and external conditions,and easy administration.Similar in the composition of their formulae with related oral medicines,tooth medicines,although different in the route of administration,can also play a role in treating diseases.

tooth medicineprescriptionwiping toothbrushing toothgargle

覃想佩、崔为、袁倩、张承坤

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长春中医药大学基础医学院,长春 130117

南京中医药大学中医学院,南京 210023

牙药 方剂 揩齿 刷牙 漱口

国家中医药管理局高水平中医药重点学科建设项目国家中医药管理局高水平中医药重点学科建设项目

国中医药人教函[2023]85号GSPZDXK-FJXYB020

2024

吉林中医药
长春中医药大学

吉林中医药

CSTPCD
影响因子:0.843
ISSN:1003-5699
年,卷(期):2024.44(3)
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