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美国在阿富汗失败的政策原因探析及其启示

On the Causes of the Failure of American Policy in Afghanistan and Its Lesson

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2021年8月,美国终结了在阿富汗持续20年的战争,标志着其对阿政策的严重挫败,此次美国在阿富汗的失败与美国外交政策中一系列战略偏差与政策偏好密切相关.这些偏差与偏好包括:外交政策的工具主义、实用主义传统,美国利益优先的倾向,对目标国利益、诉求与信息的忽视与无知,外交代理人模式的滥用,以强力(或武力)解决问题的偏好,在目标国欲达成的战略目标的缺失、迷茫与政策手段的无措、多变等.美国在阿富汗的惨败为国际社会进一步解决阿富汗问题提供了重要启示,即务必尊重阿富汗政府和人民的意愿和利益,切实明确阿富汗问题的症结和关键,在平等、正义基础上团结阿富汗各族各派力量,建立和平、中立、包容性的政府.
In August 2021,the United States had to end the war in Afghanistan that had lasted for twenty years,a symbol of a serious failure of its policy towards Afghanistan.The failure of the United States in Afghanistan is closely related to a series of deep-seated strategic deviations and policy preferences in the U.S.foreign policy.These deviations and preferences include its traditional instrumentalism or pragmatism in foreign policy,the preference for American interests,the neglect and ignorance of the interests,demands and message of the target country,the abuse of diplomatic agent model,preference for solving problems by force,the lack and confusion of strategic objectives to be achieved in the target country and the variability of policy means,etc.The disastrous defeat of the United States in Afghanistan has taught the international community a good lesson in further solving the Afghan problem.Therefore,they must pay due respect to the wishes and interests of the Afghan government and people and clarify the crux and key to the Afghan issue,and the forces of all ethnic groups and factions in Afghanistan should be rallied on a level ground and on the basis of justice in an effort to build a peaceful,neutral and inclusive government.

the United StatesAfghanistanthe Failure of Foreign PolicyLesson

张树明

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天津理工大学马克思主义学院,天津 300384

美国 阿富汗 政策失败 启示

2024

江南社会学院学报
江南社会学院

江南社会学院学报

CHSSCD
影响因子:0.175
ISSN:1673-1026
年,卷(期):2024.26(1)