Decision Method of the Specificity of the Matter of Authorized Pilot Reform
To coordinate the relationship between reform and the rule of law,the Legislation Law revised in 2015 created a pilot system of authorized reform.The Legislation Law stipulates that the National People's Congress(NPC)and its Standing Committee may,in accordance with the needs of reform and development,decide to authorize some places to temporarily adjust or suspend the application of some provisions of the law within a certain period for specific matters in the field of administration.What matters can be authorized to the pilot reform?It is the primary problem faced by the authorizer.Article 16 of the Legislation Law amended in 2023 stipulates that the NPC and its Standing Committee can make a decision on the pilot reform of authorization on"specific matters",and Article 79 stipulates that the State Council can also decide on the pilot reform on"specific matters in the field of administration".Existing literature has formed four solutions:(1)statutory authority;(2)reservation of law;(3)the judgment of legality,infringement and importance;and(4)the principle of proportionality.However,the four solutions cannot solve the above problem.This paper,based on the practice of the decision of the authorized pilot reform,mainly engages in the filling and continuation of the norms in the legal methodology.The empirical review reveals that at present,the Standing Committee of the NPC has authorized as many as 26 reform pilot decisions,and the State Council has made 23 reform pilot decisions.This paper selects two levels of classification standards to carry out two types of reform pilot projects.The first type is at the basic framework level,including two aspects:the extent of the reform pilot to break through the legal system and the level of norms involved in the reform pilot.The most basic classification is the creation of pilot items and revised pilot items,which are divided based on the extent of the reform pilot to break through the legal system.The second type is at the level of case decision,which aims to promote the decision method of authorization matters to have the guiding force in cases.Through the typification of pilot reform matters,a set of method systems for determining the scope of specific matters of authorized pilot reform can be constructed.The decision method of the authorized pilot matter aimed at creating a new system includes two steps:The first is to determine the presumed prohibition scope and the absolute prohibition scope of the pilot matter through the demonstration of the reasons for the pilot obstruction.The second is to determine whether to make the authorization decision after balancing the interests in the pilot case within the scope of the above-mentioned presumed prohibition.The decision method of the authorized pilot reform matter aimed at revising the existing system includes two levels:The first is to determine the authorized forbidden zone of the pilot reform matter;and the second is to determine whether to authorize the pilot reform based on the case judgment of substantive illegality outside the authorized forbidden area.This paper proves that the matters of the authorized pilot reform are specific in legal theory.The concept of substantive rule of law in the system of authorized pilot reform means that the specificity of authorization matters is limited by the substantive content,which includes and goes beyond the authorization clarity that only requires compliance with the form.Additionally,this paper provides a set of method system for the authorizer to select specific matters,which will promote the excellent operation of the whole authorization pilot reform system,and truly contribute to the"Chinese system"for the relief of the tension between the"rule of law and reform".
authorized pilot reformspecific matterssubstantive rule of lawtypificationdecision method of authorization
万方数据
维普
