In order to improve the quality of geotechnical engineering survey,the survey objectives and principles were summarized,and the application points of drilling,indoor testing,ground penetrating radar,static penetration testing,standard penetration testing and other technologies in complex geological conditions survey were analyzed.At the same time,taking a residential building as the research object,the soil layers were divided using the aforementioned survey techniques,and the distribution of karst caves and the liquefaction of saturated silt layers were identified.The research results can provide theoretical guidance for similar project surveys.