高密度建筑火灾下人员多出口应急疏散仿真
Simulation of Emergency Evacuation of personnel with multiple exits under High-Density Building Fires
宗妍 1于露 2牛田元 1李海鸥3
作者信息
- 1. 长春建筑学院城建学院,吉林 长春 130000
- 2. 大连交通大学交通运输工程学院,辽宁 大连 116000
- 3. 长春建筑学院,吉林 长春 130000
- 折叠
摘要
高密度城市建筑通常具有复杂的结构和多层楼层,包括多个房间、走廊、通道和楼梯,且出口的数量有限.在火灾发生时,大量人员同时疏散会导致拥堵、混乱和阻塞的情况,增加了疏散的困难.为了有效解决城市建筑火灾人员应急疏散问题,提出一种高密度城市建筑火灾人员多出口应急疏散方法.从主观和客观两方面对影响高密度城市建筑火灾人员应急疏散的因素展开分析,同时利用栅格法展开环境建模.通过火场的实时信息以及路径转向次数,改进A∗算法的估价函数以及搜索策略,将改进A∗算法应用于高密度城市建筑火灾人员多出口应急疏散中,最终确定最佳应急疏散方案.实验结果表明,所提方法的应急疏散路径拐点个数少,且疏散时间短.
Abstract
High density urban buildings typically have complex structures and multiple floors,including multiple rooms,corridors,passages,and stairs,with a limited number of exits.When a fire occurs,the simultaneous evacuation of a large number of people can lead to congestion,chaos,and blockage,increasing the difficulty of evacuation.In or-der to effectively solve the problem of emergency evacuation of personnel in urban building fires,this paper proposed a multi-exit emergency evacuation method for personnel in high-density urban building fires.From both subjective and objective aspects,we analyzed the factors affecting the emergency evacuation of personnel in high-density urban building fires.Meanwhile,we used the grid method to carry out environmental modeling.According to real-time infor-mation of the fire scene and the number of turns in the path,we improved the evaluation function and search strategy of A∗ algorithm,and then applied the improved A∗ algorithm to the multi-exit emergency evacuation of personnel in high-density urban building fires.Finally,we determined the best plan.The experimental results show that the pro-posed method has fewer turning points in the emergency evacuation path and needs shorter evacuation time.
关键词
高密度/城市建筑/火灾人员/多出口/应急疏散Key words
High density/Urban architecture/Personal in fire situation/Multiple exits/Emergency evacuation引用本文复制引用
出版年
2024
NETL
NSTL
万方数据