多层教学建筑火灾疏散模拟与策略研究
Simulation and Strategies for Emergency Evacuation of Multi-Story Educational Buildings by Fire
李晟延 1马鸿雁 2张英达 1贺伟1
作者信息
- 1. 北京建筑大学电气与信息工程学院,北京 100044
- 2. 北京建筑大学电气与信息工程学院,北京 100044;建筑大数据智能处理方法研究北京市重点实验室,北京 100044;智慧城市国家级虚拟仿真实验教学中心,北京 100044
- 折叠
摘要
为解决教学建筑应急疏散无秩序,人流高峰期出口压力大等问题,以某高校多层教学楼为研究对象,以建筑信息模型(Building information model,BIM)为基础,应用Pyrosim和Pathfinder对研究对象的火灾场景、人员疏散情况进行联合仿真并分析着火点及易波及区域的烟气层高度、能见度、CO浓度进行分析,得出人员可用安全疏散时间ASET,并采用人员疏散模型对不同疏散方案进行对比研究.为进一步缓解应急场景下出口的疏散压力,提出几种建筑结构改进措施并进行仿真验证.仿真结果表明,适合的疏散方案能够有效提高疏散效率,缩短人员必须时间RSET;此外,新增出口的最佳方案能够提升室内人员31%的有效疏散效率并减少 50s疏散时间.上述方案提高了人员疏散的安全性,同时缓解了原有出口的疏散压力.
Abstract
To solve the problems of disorderly emergency evacuation of teaching buildings and high pressure on exits during peak flow periods,this paper takes a multi-story teaching building of a university as the research object and applies Pyrosim and Pathfinder to jointly simulate the fire scenario and personnel evacuation of the research ob-ject based on Building information model(BIM).The height of the smoke layer,visibility,and CO concentration at the fire point and vulnerable areas were also analyzed to derive the available safe evacuation time ASET for the personnel,and a comparative study of different evacuation scenarios was carried out using the personnel evacuation model.To further alleviate the evacuation pressure at the exits in emergency scenarios,several building structural im-provement measures are proposed and validated by simulation.The simulation results show that a suitable evacuation solution can effectively improve evacuation efficiency and shorten the RSET;in addition,the best solution of adding new exits can improve the effective evacuation efficiency of indoor personnel by 31%and reduce the evacuation time by 50s.This solution improves the safety of evacuation and relieves the pressure on the existing exits.
关键词
建筑信息模型/火灾消防/联合仿真/应急疏散/疏散策略Key words
Building information model(BIM)/Fire protection/Joint simulation/Emergency evacuation/Evacu-ation strategy引用本文复制引用
基金项目
北京建筑大学博士基金项目(ZF15054)
北京建筑大学2022年"双塔计划"(GJZJ20220802)
北京建筑大学2022研究生创新项目(PG2022077)
出版年
2024
NETL
NSTL
万方数据