Federated learning,a distributed machine learning method,effectively addresses the data island problem in environments with weak communication.This study introduces an algorithm for predicting ship trajectories,employing the Fedves federated learning framework and a Convolutional Neural Network-Gated Recurrent Unit(CNN-GRU)model,called E-FVTP.The Fedves framework standardizes dataset sizes and client regularization terms,mitigating the influence of non-independent and identically distributed features on the global model.This approach preserves original client data features,thereby accelerating the convergence speed.In maritime scenarios with limited communication resources,the CNN-GRU model utilizes Automatic Identification System(AIS)data to overcome the computational limitations of vessel terminals.Experimental evaluations on the open-source MarineCadastre and Zhoushan marine ship navigation AIS datasets demonstrate that E-FVTP reduces prediction error by 40%compared to centralized training methods.It also achieves a 67%faster convergence rate and reduces communication costs by 76.32%.These advancements enable accurate vessel trajectory predictions in complex maritime settings,significantly ensuring maritime traffic safety.