With the increase of public environmental awareness,many manufacturing companies choose to transfer their remanufacturing operations to third-party enterprises for social image and cost considerations.For the remanu-facturing supply chain consisting of Original Equipment Manufacturers(OEMs)and Third-party Remanufacturers(TPRs),four remanufacturing supply chain decision models were constructed according to different recycling enti-ties(OEM and TPR)and transfer models(outsourcing and licensing),and then the optimal production decisions,profits,environmental impact,consumer surplus and government funding policy implications under the four modes were contrasted and analyzed.Analytical results showed that OEMs preferred the manufacturer recycling and out-sourcing mode,while the TPR had different preferences under different R&D efficiency.The level of product re-manufacturability design and incentivize remanufacturing to varying degrees would be increased by raising environ-mental taxes or subsidies under different models.However,increasing subsidies was not necessarily good for the en-vironment,and excessive environmental taxes were not conducive to the overall welfare of society,so the govern-ment needed to set appropriate environmental taxes and subsidies by comprehensively considering the interests of all parties.
维普
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