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卡-梅框架下数据财产权益保护规则分类分级配置研究

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  • 万方数据
  • 维普
在社会、经济数字化转型的关键时期,建立高效的数据要素市场是数字经济持续快速发展的重要基础和基本前提,也是多学科交融的时代课题.数据的财产权益保护制度是数据要素市场的基础制度,目前相关的理论探讨可谓百家争鸣,与法律规定和裁判观点共同构成了一张"规则清单".卡-梅框架提供了一种以经济效率为标准的规则选择方法,与建设高效的数据要素市场这一政策目标相契合.在此框架下,从事前效率和事后效率两个视角分别对个人数据、企业数据和公共数据的财产权益保护规则进行比较和选择,发现对于个人数据和企业数据而言,提供事后救济的责任规则相比赋予绝对化财产权的财产规则更具效率;而对于公共数据而言,两者各有优势.基于此,进一步对个人数据保护提出了构建"三层构造"保护模式的立法建议和建立数据匿名化制度的构想,对企业数据保护提出了构建非绝对性财产权利的方向指引,对公共数据提出了建立三类规则相互配合的分类分级开放格局的建议.
Study on Classification and Grading Allocation of Data Property Rights Protection Rules Under C&M Framework
In the critical period of digital transformation of society and economy,the establishment of an efficient data factor mar-ket is an important foundation and basic prerequisite for the sustainable and rapid development of the digital economy,and is also a multidisciplinary issue of the times.The property rights protection system of data is the basic system of data factor market,and there are hundreds of theoretical discussions on it,which together with legal regulations and judges'opinions constitute a"list of rules"to choose from.The C&M framework provides a method of rule selection based on economic efficiency,which is in line with the policy objective of building an efficient data factor market.This paper compares and selects rules for the protection of property rights of personal data,enterprise data and public data from two perspectives:ex ante efficiency and ex post efficiency,and concludes that for personal data and enterprise data,liability rules providing ex post remedies are more efficient than property rules granting absolute property rights,while for public data,each has its own advantages.Based on this,this paper further pro-poses a legislative proposal to build a"three-tier structure"protection model and a data anonymization system for personal data protection,the direction to build non-absolute property rights for enterprise data protection,and a proposal to establish a classi-fied and graded openness pattern with three types of rules for public data.

Confirmation of data rightC&M frameworkData factor marketEfficiency selection of rulesPersonal dataEnter-prise dataPublic data

丛颖男、彭友、朱金清

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中国政法大学商学院 北京 100088

中国政法大学数据法治研究院 北京 100088

北京字节跳动网络技术有限公司 北京 100043

数据确权 卡-梅框架 数据要素市场 规则的效率选择 个人数据 企业数据 公共数据

2024年中国政法大学科研创新项目2022年国家重点研发计划"社会治理与智慧社会科技支撑"重点专项教育部人文社会科学研究一般项目北京市教育科学"十四五"规划课题

24KYQN0062022YFC330300022YJC190003CECA22136

2024

10.11896/jsjkx.240100030

计算机科学
重庆西南信息有限公司（原科技部西南信息中心）

计算机科学

CSTPCD北大核心
影响因子：0.944
ISSN：1002-137X
年,卷(期)：2024.51(8)
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