In order to reduce the comprehensive risk cost of substation equipment fault maintenance,a method of sub-station equipment fault maintenance based on hesitation fuzzy matrix and mutation operator is proposed.The hesitation fuzzy matrix is set to extract the characteristics of the vibration signal of the substation equipment,and the eigenvalues are input into the stable Hopfield neural network to classify and diagnose the faults of the substation equipment;Through the optimi-zation model of substation equipment fault maintenance based on mutation operator,a function with the objective of compre-hensive risk cost is constructed,and the constraint conditions are set as the number of power grid outages is 1,and the transmission power is not exceeding the limit,so as to obtain the optimal maintenance plan that meets the maintenance objec-tives and constraints.The experimental simulation results show that the proposed method can optimize the fault maintenance scheme of substation equipment,improve the efficiency of fault diagnosis of substation equipment,ensure that the outage frequency of equipment maintenance is once a month,and reduce the comprehensive risk cost of power grid.