Research a three-dimensional hierarchical fault detection method for bus protection devices based on knowl-edge base and panoramic image matching algorithm,reasonably detect bus protection device faults,and ensure the safe and stable operation of bus protection devices.Using information such as failure cases and troubleshooting manuals as the theo-retical basis for building a hierarchical knowledge base,design relational knowledge;Design 3D model index knowledge through panoramic image acquisition,feature extraction,and matching operations to build a knowledge base for bus protec-tion devices;The fuzzy hypothetical inference algorithm is introduced into the inference engine to obtain corresponding fault diagnosis results;In the 3D visualization level,PHP language is used to build a Web server,design a 3D visualization back-end program,and present the 3D visualization results of fault detection.The experimental results show that this method can effectively achieve three-dimensional hierarchical fault detection of busbar protection devices,and the fault detection results are consistent with the actual fault conditions,which can better meet the actual work needs.