Research Status and Prospect of Mining-induced Geo-environmental Hazards and Geological Environment Protection
Mining activities result in both geological hazards(e.g.,ground subsidence,infrastructure damages,etc.)and environmental hazards(e.g.,soil degradation,ecosystem degradation,etc.)across the mining areas.The types and fea-tures of mining-induced hazards are controlled by the mining methods,and the occurrence of multiple geo-environmental haz-ards are coupled with each other like a chain or net.Three methods are usually adopted to deal with the overburden rock above the deposit during the mining activities:letting the overburden cave in freely without support,leaving mineral pillars to support the overburden,and stripping and moving away the overburden,which leads to the formations of longwall mining goaf,partial mining goaf and open pit goaf,respectively.This paper summarized the mechanism of geo-environmental hazards of these three kinds of goafs.The formation mechanism of disaster chain induced by multi-coupled geo-environmental hazards is discussed.Then the existing problems in geo-environmental monitoring and mining-induced disaster chain studying are analyzed.The re-sults show that:① The geo-environmental hazards in mining areas mainly consist of engineering disaster and ecological envi-ronmental disaster.The former is manifested as the damages of engineering structures caused by the additional mining stress that induced by the changes in spatial positions of ground objects,while the latter is reflected in the loss of ecological compo-nents and the changes in energy and material flow that induced by the property changes of land objects.② As different geo-en-vironmental hazards are coupled,a geo-environmental disaster may lead to a series of secondary disasters and finally forming a disaster net.Although the deformation monitoring techniques,remote sensing techniques,etc.can be used to obtain the locations and properties of ground objects,but the complexity of geo-environmental hazard formation and the shortages of a single monito-ring or forecasting technique make it hard to provide an accurate forecasting of geo-environmental disasters.③ To better fuse multi-source geo-environmental data and detect physical environment field of mining area,an integrated"space-air-building-ground-mine-human"monitoring system should be established by integrating various deformation monitoring,remote sensing,engineering inspection and other techniques.On this basis,the prospects for future work are developed under an interdiscipli-nary perspective:① The effort on multi-source data standardization and data security sharing should be strengthened,and a knowledge database about geo-environment protection should be established.② With the help of AI techniques and the knowl-edge database of geo-environment protection,the geo-environmental disaster net should be established by studying the coupling mechanism of multiple geo-environmental hazards and revealing the key factors of disasters.③ More interdisciplinary resear-ches should be conducted based on the geo-environmental disaster net,and by fusing muti-source data-models,a whole-process workflow including"transparent geological conditions-mine design-mining damage/physical field evaluations-engineering and environmental evaluations-engineering reinforcement/environment restoration"should be established.The analysis results are helpful to further organize the research approach for the multi-disaster coupling issues in mining areas and have good reference significance for the comprehensive protection and management of geo-environmental disasters.
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