Research Progress on Microorganisms Leaching and Recovery of Rare Earth
Rare earth elements(REEs)as an indispensable strategic resource,widely used in high-tech fields such as defense technology and aerospace engineering.Traditional rare earth smelting and recovery processes are costly and prone to produce environmental pollution.Microbial technology has great potential in the leaching and recovery of REEs for its eco-friendliness and cost-effectiveness.The article summarizes and reviews the research on the utilization of microorganisms for the leaching and recover of REEs from monazite,bastnaesite,tailings and electronic waste.The results indicated that microorgan-isms mainly leached REEs by two ways:metabolism produces organic acids and then release H+to acidify rare earth minerals.The biosynthesis of organic ligands form complexes with REEs,which reduces the saturation degree of rare earth ions in solu-tion and thus accelerates the leaching of REEs.In addition,microbial surface and extracellular polymeric substances often con-tain groups such as carboxylic acid groups and phosphate groups that easily adsorb REEs,facilitating the recovery of REEs.The type and concentration of organic acids,siderophores,pH of the leaching system,pulp concentration,temperature and so on can significantly affect the efficiency of microbial leaching and recovery of REEs.
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