Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy(NCRT)is the standard therapeutic strategy for lo-cally advanced rectal cancer(LARC).Due to the different responses of patients to NCRT,the clini-cal prognosis of patients varies greatly.Therefore,it is important to establish sensitive biomarkers to predict the response of patients to treatments before NCRT.Immune cells in the tumor microenviron-ment(TME)were closely related to the efficacy of NCRT in patients with LARC.This paper re-viewed the research progress on the relationships of cytotoxic T cells,programmed death-ligand 1(PD-L1),tumor-associated macrophages(TAMs),regulatory T cells(Treg)and neutrophil to lym-phocyte ratio(NLR)with chemoradiotherapy sensitivity in rectal cancer,illustrated the potential and limitations of these immune cells in predicting chemoradiotherapy response in rectal cancer,and pro-vided a feasible direction for future researches.
维普
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