Butorphanol inhibits malignant biological behavior of glioma cells by down-regulating the sonic hedgehog/glioma-associated oncogene homolog 1 pathway
Objective To investigate the effect of butorphanol on the malignant biological behav-ior of glioma cells by regulating the sonic hedgehog(SHH)/glioma-associated oncogene homolog 1(GLI1)signaling pathway.Methods Glioma LN229 cells were divided into control group,low-dose butorphanol group,medium-dose butorphanol group,high-dose butorphanol group,high-dose butor-phanol+pcDNA3.1 group and high-dose butorphanol+pc-SHH group.MTT and Edu assays were used to detect cell proliferation;flow cytometry was used to detect cell apoptosis rate;Transwell cham-ber assay was used to detect cell migration and invasion;real-time fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR)was used to detect SHH mRNA and GLI1 mRNA expression levels;Western blot was used to detect the protein expression levels of Ki-67,matrix metalloproteinase-2(MMP-2),cleaved caspase-3,SHH and GLI1.Results Butorphanol could reduce the viability and proliferation rate of LN229 cells,and decreased the number of cell migration and invasion(P＜0.05).Butorpha-nol could reduce the expression levels of SHH mRNA,GLI1 mRNA and the protein expression of Ki-67,MMP-2,SHH as well as GLI1 in LN229 cells,promote cell apoptosis and increase the protein expression of cleaved caspase-3(P＜0.05).Overexpression of SHH could partially reverse the inhibitory effect of butorphanol on LN229 cells(P＜0.05).Conclusion Butorphanol can inhibit the malignant biological behavior of glioma cells,and its mechanism may be related to the inhibition of the SHH/GLI1 signaling pathway.
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