Dissemination pathways and mechanisms of antibiotic resistance genes from municipal wastewater treatment plants to the environment
Municipal wastewater treatment plants are important sites for the transfer and dis-semination of antibiotic resistance genes(ARGs).They are also the major sources of ARGs pollu-tion in the environment.This article provides a comprehensive review on the pathways,influencing factors,and mechanisms of ARGs dissemination from MWTPs to environmental media.The re-sults indicate that ARGs in MWTPs can migrate to surrounding environmental media(e.g.,re-ceiving water bodies,soil,and air),through various pathways,such as effluent discharge,land application of sludge,reclaimed water irrigation,and aerosol dispersion.The dissemination and persistence of ARGs in environmental media are affected by the physical and chemical properties of the media.ARGs disseminate in environmental media primarily through horizontal gene transfer(HGT)mediated by mobile genetic elements(MGEs).
Municipal wastewater treatment plantsAntibiotic resistance genesEnvironmental mediaDissemination pathwaysDissemination mechanisms
万方数据
维普
