Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of a Cold Rolled Gradient Medium-Carbon Martensitic Steel
Martensite is an attractive crystalline structure to fabricate ultrafine grain steels by cold rolling and annealing because of its low equivalent strain.However,the deformation resistance of mar-tensite increases inevitably with the increase in the carbon content of the steel.Accordingly,cracks are easily initiated in martensite before it reaches the desired strain,restricting the application of cold rolling and annealing to ultra-low and low-carbon steels.Thus,to extend the application of these methods from low to medium-carbon steel,compositional gradient steel was prepared by decarburizing medium-carbon steel.The carbon content increased from the surface layer to core layer in the gradient steel.The decar-burized medium-carbon martensite was successfully cold rolled under large deformation with an equiva-lent strain of 1.5 with no microcracks on the sample surface.The microstructure and mechanical proper-ties of the quenched and cold rolled gradient component steel were characterized and studied via OM,SEM,and tensile test.The experimental results revealed the gradient size of martensite along with the gradient carbon content in the microstructure.Further,different diffusion rates of carbon atoms during de-carburization and austenitization resulted in the gradient austenite grain,which restrained the size of mar-tensite.Compared with homogenous martensite of the experimental medium-carbon steel,the steel with gradient distribution of carbon exhibited low tensile strength,which decreased from 1700 MPa to 1525 MPa,but high tensile uniform elongation,which is increased by 40％;moreover,the gradient steel showed high-er product of strength and elongation than homogeneous martensite steel with similar average carbon content without decarburization.The good combination of strength and plasticity in the compositionally gradient steel was attributed to the high strength and good plasticity provided by the core layer and decar-burized layer,respectively.Additionally,the heterogeneity in the strain distribution led to an extra strain-hardening;thus,the surface layer restrains further propagation of micro-shear bands from the core layer.
decarburizationmartensitegradientmedium-carbon steelcold rolling
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