The flow and interaction between slag,metals,and bubbles are very complicated phe-nomena in metallurgical processes,such as desulfurization in hot metal pretreatment,steelmaking pro-cess in a converter,and second refining process.The molten steel or hot metal can be entrained into the slag when a bubble or bubbles flow through the slag-metal interface during the metallurgical process.The bubble entrainment behavior can increase the heat and mass transfer and,in turn,increase the chemical reaction efficiency of the slag-metal interface.Investigating the entrainment behavior helps in understanding the interaction between bubbles and liquid phases.The current study focuses on the ef-fects of bubbles and slag properties on the bubble entrainment behaviors at the slag-metal interface.The results show that the bubble size is the most important factor influencing the entrainment,followed by the slag density.The slag viscosity and interfacial tension of the slag-metal interface show a weaker effect on the entrainment.In particular,the entrainment volume of steel and maximum area of the slag-metal inter-face increase by 7.41 and 3.67 times when the bubble diameter increased from 10 to 16 mm,respective-ly.When the slag density increases from 2000 to 5000 kg/m3,the entrainment volume of steel and maxi-mum area of the slag-metal interface increase by 62.3%and 13.1%,respectively.The increasing in slag viscosity and interfacial tension is less affected by slag entrainment and interface area.The entrainment volume of steel and maximum area of the slag-metal interface are decreased by 30.6%and 6.4%when the interfacial tension of the slag-metal interface increases from 0.65 to 1.10 N/m,respectively.Similarly,when the slag viscosity increases from 0.05 to 2.0 Pa·s,the entrainment volume of steel and maximum area of the slag-metal decrease by 18.4%and 10.2%,respectively.
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