Epidemiological and etiological characteristics of cluster vomiting and diarrhea epidemics in Baoshan District,Shanghai Municipality from 2019 to 2021
Objective To investigate the epidemiological and etiological characteristics of cluster vomiting and diarrhea epidemics in Baoshan District,Shanghai Municipality,so as to provide insights into formulation of targeted control measures.Methods A field epidemiological survey was performed for cluster vomiting and diarrhea events in Baoshan District from 2019 to 2021.Anal swab and en-vironmental application samples were collected from cases and high-risk populations for etiological examinations.Results A total of 69 cluster vomiting and diarrhea epidemics were reported in Baoshan District from 2019 to 2021,with an attack rate of 1.58％.Norovirus was the main pathogen(51 epidemics,73.91％),and the epidemics mainly occurred in winter and spring(67 epidemics,97.10％)and in kindergartens(57.97％)and primary schools(28.97％).The interval of epidemics management ranged from 0 to 5 days,with a me-dian of 2 days,and 60 epidemics(86.96％)were reported to center of disease control and prevention within 3 days.The duration of epi-demics ranged from 4 to 15 days,with a median of 6 days,and the duration of 76.81％of epidemics were 4 to 6 days.Spearman correla-tion analysis showed that the duration of epidemics correlated with the interval of epidemic management(r=0.64,P＜0.01).Conclusions Cluster vomiting and diarrhea epidemics mainly occur through human-to-human and contact transmission,and the occur-rence of epidemics is mainly associated with improper management of cases,such as untimely departure from contaminated places or in-correct disposal of vomits.Early identification,early report and early disposal is of great importance for the development and progression of cluster vomiting and diarrhea epidemics.
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