Progress of researches on heterologous booster immunization of COVID-19 vaccines
A total of 11 COVID-19 vaccines had been listed for emergency use by the World Health Organization(WHO)until March 2023.These COVID-19 vaccines have shown remarkable protective effects in short-term clinical trials;however,these vaccines suffer from problems of poor durability of vaccine-induced protection and continuously reduced protective efficacy against SARS-CoV-2 variants.Heterologous sequential immunization of multiple COVID-19 vaccines has been tested to identify the optimal immunization pro-grams.It has been shown that immunization of combinations of different COVID-19 vaccines not only increases the access to vaccines and the flexibility of immunization programs,but also avoids the issue of safety caused by repeated use of a vaccine and elicits higher immunogenicity and higher protective efficacy against SARS-CoV-2 variants.This review summarizes the safety,immunogenicity and pro-tective efficacy of heterologous booster immunization of COVID-19 vaccines,so as to provide insights into subsequent selection of immu-nization programs of COVID-19 vaccines or other vaccines for emergency use.
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