Effect of exercise interventions on physical fitness among preschool children
Objective To examine the effect of exercise interventions on physical fitness among preschool children.Methods A total of 2 913 children at ages of 3 to 5 years were sampled using a stratified cluster sampling method from 10 kindergartens in Zhangjiagang City on April 2021,and were assigned into the intervention group(n=1 603)and control group(n=1 310).Children in the control group participated in daily sport exercises in the kindergartens,while those in the intervention group were given one-year tar-geted exercise interventions in addition to daily sport exercises in the kindergartens.The changes in morphological parameters(height and body weight)and quality indicators(walking on the balance beam,sit-and-reach,two-foot continuous jumping,tennis ball throwing,standing long jump and 10 m shuttle run)were compared between the two groups.Results The proportion of eligible physi-cal fitness was 88.23％among the 2 913 children prior to interventions,and there were no significant differences between the interven-tion and control groups in terms of gross score of physical fitness or constituent ratio of comprehensive grading(both P values＜0.05).Following interventions,the total score of physical fitness tests was higher in the intervention group[(26.99±3.90)points]than in the control group[(23.59±4.26)points](P＜0.05),and the percentages of grades excellence(11.98％vs.2.90％,P＜0.05)and good(31.07％vs.13.74％,P＜0.05)were both higher in the intervention group than in the control group.The scores of each of the six items were all greater in the intervention group than in the control group(t=6.08 to 22.05,all P values＜0.05).In addition,the proportions of overweight(x2=16.01,P＜0.05)and obesity(x2=16.18,P＜0.05)were both lower in the intervention group than in the control group.Conclusions Targeted exercise interventions may remarkably increase the physical fitness among preschool children.
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