摘要
目的 分析2022年泰州市某区大气PM2.5中金属元素的变化特征,评估其对人群的健康风险.方法 2022年每月10-16日在监测点进行PM2.5采样,采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定12种金属元素含量,利用富集因子(enrich factor,EF)法识别金属元素的来源,并进行人群健康风险评价.结果 2022年泰州市某区大气PM2.5中金属元素平均浓度由高到低为Mn＞Pb＞As＞Se＞Cr＞Ni＞Sb＞Cd＞Hg＞Be＞Tl,其中 Al、Cd、Hg、Ni、Se、Tl 浓度变化均有季节性差异(H值分别为 13.932、11.817、15.836、8.423、7.876、14.316,P值圴＜0.05);Cr、As、Sb、Cd等金属的EF值均＞10.当人群暴露外环境时间达到3 h/d,Cr对成年男性、成年女性和儿童可能存在致癌风险;当暴露外环境中时间达到5 h/d,As对成年男性、成年女性可能存在致癌风险.结论 该地区PM2.5中金属元素主要来自于人为污染,季节性差异较为明显,Cr和As对人群的潜在健康风险较高,需引起重视.
Abstract
Objective To investigate the changes in metallic element contents in atmospheric PM2 5 and to assess the human health risk in a district of Taizhou City in 2022.Methods PM2.5 samples were collected in surveillance sites on days 10 to 16 each month in 2022,and the contents of 12 metallic elements were determined in PM2.5 samples using inductively coupled plasma mass spec-trometry(ICP-MS).The source of metallic elements was identified with enrichment factor,and the human health risk was evaluated.Results The highest mean concentration of metallic elements in atmospheric PM2.5 samples was Mn,followed by Pb,As,Se,Cr,Ni,Sb,Cd,Hg,Be and Tl,and there were season-specific concentrations of Al(H=13.932,P＜0.05),Cd(H=11.817,P＜0.05),Hg(H=15.836,P＜0.05),Ni(H=8.423,P＜0.05),Se(H=7.876,P＜0.05)and T1(H=14.316,P＜0.05).The enrichment factors of Cr,As,Sb and Cd were all＞10.If human exposure to external environments reached 3 h/d,Cr may cause a carcinogenic risk to adult men and women and children,and human exposure to external environments reached 5 h/d,As may cause a carcinogenic risk to adult men and women.Conclusions Man-made pollution was the predominant source of metallic elements in PM2.5 in the study district of Taizhou City in 2022,and the concentrations of metallic elements varied in seasons.Cr and As have a high potential human health risk,which should be paid much attention to.
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