Objective To explore the effect of short-term oral administration of tibolone on colposcopic cervical biopsy in postmenopausal women with abnormal cervical squamous cells.Methods One hundred postmenopausal women with abnormal cervical squamous cell detected by liquid based cytology were randomly divided into two groups of A and C.Colposcopic cervical biopsy was performed in group A after oral administration of tibolone tablet 2.5 mg/d for 14 days.Group C underwent colposcopic cervical biopsy directly without oral administration.The percentage of surface cells,maturity of excalated cells,VAS pain score,adequacy of colposcopy,visibility of squamo-column junction on the surface of the cervix,type of transformation area and amount of vaginal bleeding were compared between the two groups.Results Compared with group C,the percentage of surface cells and maturity value of vaginal excalated cells were increased,VAS pain score was decreased,ratio of adequacy colposcopy was increased,and amount of vaginal bleeding was decreased in group A(P<0.05 or P<0.01).There were significant differences in the visibility of squamo-column junction on the surface of the cervix and type of transformation area between the two groups(P<0.01).Conclusion Short-term oral administration of tibolone can be used as a preconditioning method for colposcopic cervical biopsy in postmenopausal women with abnormal cervical squamous cells.