互通式立交承担着不同方向交通流的流向转换功能,是道路交通网络的重要节点.目前高密度立交在城市道路网络中已愈发常见,高密度立交之间的间距比普通立交更小,车辆交织更为密集,驾驶人需要在更短的时间内进行分合流驾驶操作.为探究立交间距对驾驶人精神负荷的影响与高密度立交出入口区段的驾驶人精神负荷统计特性,在重庆市内环快速路上选择了1段包含4座连续立交的路段作为实验对象,其中3座立交为高密度立交.通过车载仪器采集47名驾驶人在实车实验过程中的心电数据,对在高密度立交出入口区段与普通间距立交出入口区段的驾驶人心率变异性时域和频域指标进行差异性分析,得到了驾驶人在高密度立交与普通间距立交出入口区段的精神负荷分布特征.研究结果表明:驾驶人在经过普通间距立交出入口区段和高密度立交出入口区段时的心率变异性时域指标不存在显著性差异,频域指标心率变异性的低、高频功率的比值(ratio of low-frequency to high-frequency,LF/HF)存在显著性差异,频域指标LF/HF可作为评价驾驶人精神负荷在立交出入口区段的主要指标;驾驶人在经过高密度立交入口区段时,频域指标LF/HF比经过普通间距立交入口区段时显著增加,立交间距不足会增加驾驶人在立交入口区段的精神负荷;驾驶人在经过普通间距立交出口区段时的心率变异性频域指标LF/HF比经过高密度立交出口区段时显著增加,即驾驶人通过普通间距立交出口区段的精神负荷更大;对于高密度立交群,驾驶人在入口区段的精神负荷水平要略高于出口区段.
Drivers'Mental Load Characteristics at the Entrance and Exit of High-density Interchanges Based on Heart Rate Variability
Interchange bridges serve as important nodes in road traffic networks,facilitating the redirection of traffic flows in different directions.Currently,high-density interchanges are increasingly common in urban road networks.With closer spacing of high-density interchanges compared to regular ones,denser vehicle weaving occurs and driv-ers are required to perform merging and diverging maneuvers in a shorter time.To investigate the impact of inter-change spacing on drivers'mental load and the corresponding statistical characteristics in the entrances and exits of high-density interchanges,a segment of the Inner Ring Expressway in Chongqing with four consecutive interchang-es,three of which are high-density interchanges,was selected as the research site.Electrocardiogram data from 47 drivers during on-road experiments were collected using in-vehicle instruments.Differential analysis was conducted on the temporal and spectral indices of driver heart rate variability between the entrances and exits of high-density and regular-spacing interchanges,revealing the distributions of drivers'mental load in these sections.The results in-dicate that:There is no significant difference in the temporal index of heart rate variability between drivers passing through the entrances and exits of regular-spacing and high-density interchanges.However,there is a significant dif-ference in the spectral index,i.e.,the ratio of low-frequency to high-frequency power of heart rate variability(LF/HF),which is believed can serve as the main indicator for evaluating drivers'mental load in interchange entrances and exits.When passing through the entrances of high-density interchanges,the LF/HF significantly increased com-pared to the one when passing through the entrances of regular-spacing interchanges,indicating that insufficient in-terchange spacing would increase mental load in the entrances of interchanges.Conversely,the LF/HF is significant-ly higher when passing through the exits of regular-spacing interchanges than the one when passing through the ex-its of high-density interchanges,indicating greater mental load when passing through exits of regular-spacing inter-changes.For high-density interchanges,drivers'mental load in entrances are slightly higher than that in exits.
traffic safetymental loadheart rate variabilityinterchangeinterchange groupentrance and exitdriv-ing behavior
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