An Evaluation for Impacts of Illuminating Crosswalk Markings on Driving Safety under Low Visibility Conditions
Frequent traffic accidents occur at urban pedestrian crossings during nighttime and foggy conditions due to low visibility.Insufficient visibility of traffic facilities and the lack of effective conflict warnings are significant factors.Driving simulation experiments are conducted to explore the effectiveness of new illuminating crosswalk markings compared to regular markings in enhancing drivers'visibility distance and providing traffic conflict warn-ings.These experiments are based on two low-visibility scenarios:nighttime and foggy conditions,designed using Cinema 4D software.Microscopic individual driving behavior data are collected.The Wilcoxon signed-rank test and Friedman rank sum test are used to deeply analyze the impact of luminescent color,luminescent mode,and lu-minescent position on drivers'visibility distance and longitudinal speed adjustment behavior.The results show that the drivers'visibility distance with illuminating crosswalk markings is significantly greater than with regular mark-ings in low-visibility scenarios.In nighttime scenarios,the visibility distance with white,yellow,and red illuminat-ing crosswalk markings increased by 36%,21%,and 54%,respectively.In foggy scenarios,the visibility distance with white,yellow,and red illuminating crosswalk markings increased by 34%,17%,and 47%,respectively.Be-sides,the deceleration magnitude of vehicles with white and red illuminating crosswalk markings is significantly greater than with regular markings in low-visibility environments,while the deceleration magnitude with yellow illu-minating crosswalk markings is not significant.In nighttime scenarios,the deceleration magnitude of vehicles with white and red illuminating crosswalk markings increased by 101%and 150%,respectively,compared to regular markings.In foggy scenarios,the deceleration magnitude of vehicles with white and red illuminating crosswalk markings increased by 142%and 194%,respectively,compared to regular markings.Moreover,the light source,lu-minescent form,and color of the illuminating crosswalk markings have a significant interactive effect on drivers'visibility distance.Different combinations of marking attributes significantly impact drivers'visibility distance.
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