The current application statuses of wind,solar,hydrogen,and other clean energy in global ports were investigated.A variety of natural resource endowment characteristics were assessed.Based on the types of energy consumption and load characteristics at ports,three microgrid system architectures including DC grid connection,AC grid connection,and AC/DC hybrid grid connection were analyzed,as well as the characteristics of various energy storage methods.In view of the comprehensive architecture of a multi-energy integration system featuring wind,solar and hydrogen storage and the characteristics of its"source-grid-load-storage"network architecture,the key technologies of integration modes,matching methods,energy capture,security guarantees,and operational controls for the multi-energy integration system were summarized.Research results show that the application of clean energy at ports is characterized by single application form and low utilization rate.The energy demand forms of port load are diverse.The application of a multi-energy integration system composed of wind,solar and hydrogen storage units can satisfy the load demand at ports and overcome the shortcomings of single energy source.The mode and architecture of multi-energy integration at ports need to be designed according to the actual situation of the port.Generally,the multi-criteria decision-making approach can be used to determine the optimal energy integration mode,and the multi-objective optimization is adopted to determine the capacity of energy by comprehensively considering security,environment,economy,and other factors.In terms of the selection of specific energy types,wind and solar power generation combined with hydrogen production through the electrolysis of water is partly suitable for practical application scenarios at ports.However,it is necessary to study the adaptation of key equipment and security technologies for hydrogen production,refueling,storage,and supply.Both load and power generation from wind and solar energy are stochastic.Therefore,it is necessary to study new multi-level energy management strategies to optimize the energy dispatching and load balance of the multi-energy integration system and ensure that the system can operate safely,stably,and economically.6 tabs,23 figs,116 refs.
waterway transportationgreen portmulti-energy integration systemenergy conservation and emission reductionhydrogen energywind and solar power generation
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