Research progress on detection techniques of Amanita cyclic peptide toxins
Amanita cyclic peptide toxins are mainly found in mushrooms of genera Amanita,Galerina,and Lepiota,and probably pose serious health risks to humans and animals if they are ingested accidentally.Rapid and accurate identification of these toxins in mushrooms and biological samples is crucial for ensuring food safety and diagnosing and treating mushroom poisoning.This review discusses various reported detection methods,focusing on high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry,which is the main analytical method for determining Amanita cyclic peptide toxins in complex matrices.Furthermore,current trends and future directions in the detection of Amanita cyclic peptide toxins are also presented.