摘要
云南热带地区独特的地理气候条件及多样性的植被孕育了极其丰富的大型真菌资源.本研究对云南省热带地区大型木生真菌资源进行调查,采用形态学和分子生物学相结合的方法,对 2 100 余份馆藏标本和新采集标本进行研究,共鉴定发现大型木生真菌 668 个种,隶属于 2 门、17目、67科、245属,其中1个新科、4个新属和64个新种是作者等人根据云南省热带地区的模式标本发现描述的.物种组成分析表明:含 10 种以上的优势科有 14 科,分别为多孔菌科、锈革菌科、炭角菌科、齿耳菌科、木耳菌科、炭团菌科、皮孔菌科、原毛平革菌科、皱孔菌科、小菇菌科、白肉迷孔菌科、裂孔菌科、韧革菌科和花耳科,共500个种,占总数的74.85%;含5种以上的优势属有锈革菌属、炭角菌属、栓菌属、灵芝属、褐孔菌属、干皮菌属等34个属,共336个种,占总数的 50.30%.云南热带地区大型木生真菌属级和种级成分主要以热带分布为主,说明该地区大型木生真菌具有明显的热带性质.在所有种类中,共有27个种为食用菌,75个种是药用菌,6个种是有毒菌类,部分种类具有良好的开发应用前景.
Abstract
Yunnan tropical areas of southwesten China with complex topography and diverse vegetations are endowed with abundant macrofungal resources.In this study,more than 2 100 specimens of wood-inhabiting macrofungi were collected.A total of 668 species,belonging to 245 genera,67 families,17 orders and 2 phyla,was identified based on morphological and molecular evidence,including 1 new family,4 new genera and 64 new species previously published by the authors.Fourteen dominant families with more than 10 species for each family are Polyporaceae,Hymenochaetaceae,Xylariaceae,Steccherinaceae,Auriculariaceae,Hypoxylaceae,Incrustoporiaceae,Phanerochaetaceae,Meruliaceae,Mycenaceae,Fomitopsidaceae,Schizoporaceae,Stereaceae,and Dacrymycetaceae;they include 500 species,accounting for about 74.85%of the total species.There are 34 dominant genera with more that 5 species for each genus,including Hymenochaete,Xylaria,Trametes,Ganoderma,Fuscoporia,Skeletocutis and so on.They include 336 species,accounting for about 50.30%of the total species.Wood-inhabiting macrofungi of the studied areas are of typically tropical properties.There are 27 edible species,75 medicinal species and 6 poisonous species.
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