Ontogeny and Morphology of Three Species of Phallus
In order to reveal the developmental process and the morphological characteristics of Phallus fruiting body,paraffin section was used as the method for microscopic observation of button(mushroom bud)in domesticated P.ultraduplicatus,P.dongsun and P.rubrovolvatus at different growth stages.Characteristics of hyphae,spores and fruiting bodies as well as strain ontogeny were investigated.Our results showed that no obvious morphological difference existed in the mycelium and spore among the above three species.The indusium of P.ultraduplicatus was thinner and about 4 cm long with irregular meshes.The indusium of P.rubrovolvatus,however,was thicker and about 7 cm long with circular meshes while P.dongsun had only a thin single-layer veil.Developmental patterns inside the button of three species were identical all showing an order of organ formation starting with colloid cavity first,then hymenium,stipe cavity,pileus and stipe finally followed by indusium(veil).During the developmental period of button,morphological changes of mycelium,from loose to compact and interwoven to organized forms,were observed.On the basis of button size,moreover,developmental speeds needed to complete each organ were different among the three strains.P.dongsun was the fastest one in which all organs had been basically developed when the diameter of its button reached to 2 cm.P.rubrovolvatus completed its organ development when the button diameter raised to 3 cm.P.ultraduplicatus was the slowest one that needed the button to grow up to 4 cm diameter size for its essential development of all organs.The above results will be certainly helpful for us to do the taxonomic studies and exploration of genetic relationship of Phallus fungi in future.
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