深入理解并研究城市空中交通(Urban air mobility,UAM)场景下电动飞行汽车的飞行动力学及关键性能,对于研发和升级航空动力电池系统具有重要意义.首先,从概念和动力学模型两方面详细综述了当前七种典型的电动飞行汽车;然后,系统研究了 UAM场景下的电动飞行汽车关键性能指标,包括航程、有效载重、巡航速度、能量效率、功率保持率、经济性、环境影响及安全性,并与常见地面车辆进行对比研究,进一步从动力电池系统角度阐述了提升上述关键性能指标的有效措施.研究结果表明,对于60 km的点对点通勤,电动飞行汽车相比电动乘用车能够节省约75 min.各类飞行汽车在满载满航程条件下的能量效率均分布于地面车辆区间,特别是倾转旋翼、倾转机翼、可停转机翼以及倾转涵道型飞行汽车具有与电动乘用车相当的能量效率.在电动飞行汽车起飞和着陆阶段,电池会经历超过5C的峰值电流并在电池系统侧产生约10％的功率损耗,而电动乘用车电池仅损耗约4％,考虑循环老化后电池功率损耗将会加剧.长远来看,固定翼飞行汽车在航程、有效载重和能量效率等方面具有显著优势,是未来城市空中巴士和末端配送等典型UAM应用场景的理想选择.
Analysis of Key Performance Metrics of Electric Flying Cars for Urban Air Mobility
In-depth understanding and investigation of the flight dynamics and key performances of electric flying cars under urban air mobility(UAM)scenarios is of great significance for the technical research and development of aviation power battery systems.First,seven typical state-of-the-art flying cars are reviewed in terms of concepts and dynamic models.Then,the key performance metrics of flying cars under UAM scenarios are comprehensively investigated,including range,payload,cruising speed,energy efficiency,power retention rate,economy,environmental impact,and safety,which are compared with common terrestrial vehicles.Additionally,the effective measures to improve the above key performance metrics are elaborated from the perspective of power battery systems.The results show that for a 60 km point-to-point travel,the electric flying car can save about 75 min compared with an electric passenger car.The energy efficiencies of all types of flying cars are comparable to those of terrestrial vehicles when the aircraft operate with full load and full range.Especially,the tilt-rotor,tilt-wing,lift plus cruise,and tilt-duct aircraft have similar energy efficiency,compared to electric passenger cars.The flying car battery cell experiences a peak current of more than 5 C rate during the take-off and landing segments of the flight,resulting in power loss of around 10％on the battery system side,whereas the electric vehicle battery only loses about 4％.Such power loss increases with the battery degradation.In the long term,fixed-wing flying cars have significant advantages in terms of range,payload and energy efficiency,and are the best choice for typical UAM scenarios such as urban airbus and point-to-point transport.
urban air mobilityelectric flying carsbattery systemsperformance metrics
万方数据
维普
