From Societies and Seasons to Academies:Discussing the Evolution and Significance of the Late Qing Yiningzhou Academy
In the context of intense competition over local educational resources between indigenous and settler communi-ties during the late Qing period,there emerged a phenomenon in Jiangxi's Yiningzhou where local charitable organizations,such as societies and seasonal gatherings,evolved into academies.There were three main types of academies developed from these organizations.Firstly,Kuiguang Academy and Taijiao Academy were based on the community examination and schol-arship system of the literary societies;Tiyun Academy took over the leasehold properties from organizations like Ninghuai Xing Ji and retained their functions of hosting and supporting education;Peiyuan Academy evolved from a purely hosting society into a comprehensive academy that included teaching,examination incentives,and distributing bonuses.The trans-formation from societies and seasonal gatherings to academies in late Qing Yiningzhou enriched the understanding of the de-velopment models and regulatory nature of ancient Chinese academies,profoundly reflecting the changes in local society in modern times.
academiessocieties and seasonsYiningzhouQing Dynasty
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