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自动化行政法律风险及优化路径研究

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将互联网、大数据、云计算、人工智能等数字技术广泛应用于政府自动化行政过程之中,对推进政府决策科学化、社会治理精准化、公共服务高效化,实现政府治理信息化与法治化的深度融合,具有十分重要的作用和意义。通过自动化法律风险的样态观察,自动化行政存在算法引发的风险、责任认定引发的风险及数据和个人隐私引发的风险等法律风险。风险存在的主要原因在于存在过程不确定性、结果偏向性的算法黑箱困境,以及新技术应用导致"工具思维"的依赖盲从和传统"权力-权利"观的失衡等带来的思想冲击。为化解自动化行政法律风险,提出优化路径:明确自动化行政责任划分,唤醒人的主体意识,于责任承担层面需严格划定责任性质;保障行政相对人的程序参与权,并对其权利进行救济;算法全透明公开,使其更加符合行政法中程序正当的要求;设立独立审查监督机构,防止行政机关不作为或权力滥用和数据流失。
Research on Automated Administrative Legal Risk and Optimization Path
the extensive application of digital technologies such as the Internet,big data,cloud computing,and artificial intelligence in the automated administrative process of the government plays a very important role in promoting the scientific decision-making of the government,the precision of social governance,the high efficiency of public services,and the deep integration of government governance informatization and rule of law.Through the observation of the pattern of automated legal risks,automated administration has legal risks such as the risks caused by algorithms,the risks caused by liability identification,and the risks caused by data and personal privacy.The main reasons for the risk are the black box dilemma of algorithm with process uncertainty and result bias,as well as the ideological impact caused by the application of new technology,such as the dependence of"instrumental thinking"and the imbalance of traditional"power-right"view.In order to solve the legal risks of automated administration,the optimization path is put forward:to clarify the division of automated administrative responsibility,to awaken people's subjective consciousness,to delimit the nature of responsibility strictly at the level of responsibility;to guarantee the administrative counterpart's right to participate in the process and remedy its right;to ensure the algorithm fully transparent and open,which makes it more in line with the requirements of procedural due process in administrative law;to establish an independent review and oversight body to prevent administrative inaction or abuse of power and data loss.

digital techniqueautomated administrative legal risksoptimized pathgovernment performance

梁成意、朱峻锋

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华东交通大学,江西南昌 330013

数字技术 自动化行政法律风险 优化路径 政府效能

2024

江西科技师范大学学报
江西科技师范大学

江西科技师范大学学报

CHSSCD
影响因子:0.306
ISSN:1007-3558
年,卷(期):2024.(3)