Stropharia rugoso-annulata,a dual-purpose edible mushroom with both medicinal and nutritional value,has seen a significant increase in cultivation in China in recent years.The abundant nutritional components and bioactive substances in S.rugoso-annulata were summarized in this review,such as polysaccharides,proteins,and amino acids,and discusses their potential health benefits.Additionally,the article elaborated on the cultivation techniques,processing methods,and application prospects in food,medicine,and environmental ecology of S.rugoso-annulata.