以湖北省恩施州烟区为例,通过生产调研与数据统计,对烤烟不同生产阶段(育苗期、大田生长期和采后烘烤期)以及整个生产过程的间接碳排放量进行了核算.结果表明:烤烟生产过程中主要碳源的碳排放量表现为烘烤能源＞电力＞农膜和肥料＞农药、机械油耗和人工;采后烘烤期的碳排放量最大,大田生长期的次之,育苗期的最小;在大田生长期,不同肥力和不同种植规模烟田的碳排放总量有所差异,其中由肥料产生的碳排放量占总碳排放量的比例最大;按照烤房类型划分,烤烟整个生产过程的间接碳排放量表现为燃煤型烤房(5167.80 kg C/hm2)＞生物质能源型烤房(2256.75 kg C/hm2).恩施州烤烟生产中间接碳排放的主要影响因素为烘烤能源、电力,其次为农膜和肥料.因此,用生物质燃料全面替代煤炭作为烘烤能源是烤烟生产减少碳排放的重要途径.
Analysis of Indirect Carbon Emissions of Flue-cured Tobacco Production Input:A Case Study of Tobacco-planting Areas in Enshi Prefecture,Hubei Province
Taking tobacco-planting areas of Enshi Prefecture,Hubei Province as an example,the indirect carbon emissions of flue-cured tobacco at different production stages(seedling period,field growing period and post-harvest curing period)and the whole production process were calculated through production research and data statistics.The results show that the carbon emissions of the main carbon sources of flue-cured tobacco production are as follows:baking energy＞electric power＞agricultural film and fertilizer＞pesticide,mechanical fuel consumption and labor.The indirect carbon emissions of different production stages are quite different,with the largest carbon emissions in the post-mining baking period,the second in the field growing period and the smallest in seedling raising period.In the field growing period,the total carbon emissions of tobacco fields are different between different fertility and planting scale,and the carbon emissions produced by fertilizer account for the largest proportion of the total carbon emissions.According to the type of oven,the indirect carbon emissions of the whole production process of flue-cured tobacco in Enshi Prefecture are 5167.80 kg C/hm2 in coal oven and 2256.75 kg C/hm2 for biomass energy grill.The main factors of indirect carbon emissions of flue-cured tobacco production in Enshi Prefecture are baking energy,electricity,agricultural film and fertilizer.Therefore,it is an important way to replace coal as baking energy with biomass fuel to reduce carbon emissions in flue-cured tobacco production.
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