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印度农业的生产和贸易现状及其对中国的启示

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利用FAO、WTO和UN Comtrade等组织的公开数据,分析了金砖国家农业合作机制建立以来中印农业的生产和贸易的现状,系统性地阐述了印度粮食作物、经济作物、畜禽产品三大类农产品生产情况和主要农产品贸易现状,发现印度农业生产情况稳中向好,整体呈现上升趋势且有较明显的生产结构调控行为;在农产品贸易方面则是顺差增大,进出口产品品类差别较大,多年来的农业贸易为印度提供了重要的外汇.与中国农业对比发现,中印两国粮食产量增长迅速,而优势经济作物各有千秋,农产品贸易存在竞争性和互补性,增长潜力较大.由此可知,中国农业应充分发挥政府的纠偏作用、持续助力于保证粮食安全、稳步提高农业基础设施建设水平、加强国际农业合作和交流.
Current Situation of Production and Trade of Indian Agriculture and Its Implications for China
Based on the open data of FAO,WTO,UN Comtrade and other organizations,this paper analyzed agricultural production and trade between China and India since the establishment of the BRICS agricultural cooperation mechanism,systematically expounded the production situation of food crops,cash crops,livestock and poultry products and the trade situation of major agricultural products in India.It is found that the agricultural production situation in India is stable and improving,and there is an upward trend and a relatively obvious production structure regulation behavior.In terms of agricultural trade,there is an increase in surplus and a large difference in import and export products.For many years,agricultural trade has provided important foreign exchange contribution to India.Compared with China's agriculture,it is found that the grain output of China and India has increased rapidly,while the advantageous cash crops have their own advantages,and the trade of agricultural products has competition and complementarity.The growth potential is large.Therefore,it can be seen that China's agriculture should give full play to the government's role in correction,continue to pay attention to ensure food security,steadily improve the level of agricultural infrastructure construction,and strengthen international agricultural cooperation and exchanges.

IndiaAgricultural product productionAgricultural product tradeInternational comparative analysis

李星佚、李哲敏、王玉庭、任育锋

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中国农业科学院 农业信息研究所,北京 100081

中国农业科学院 研究生院,北京 100081

印度 农产品生产 农产品贸易 国际对比分析

农业农村部国际合作项目

12230047

2024

江西农业学报
江西省农业科学院 江西省农学会

江西农业学报

CSTPCD
影响因子:0.632
ISSN:1001-8581
年,卷(期):2024.36(2)
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